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28 good questions and answers about "Methods in Psychology - Review"

Miranda believes that people are less likely to yawn after seeing others yawn. She holds onto her belief, even after her friend Mark provides her with contradictory evidence. Miranda is a(n):

Dogmatist

If you sprain your wrist and your doctor asks you to determine how your wrist works by using a skeleton model, she is probably a(n):

Methodologist

Researchers have been unable to pinpoint the cause of attention-deficit hyper activity disorder in children. There are several factors that can contribute to the existence of the disorder. Not only might each of these factors have a direct impact on the disorder, but they may interact with and affect each other in countless different ways. This is a good example of the ___ of people that makes humans difficult to study.

Complexity

A psychologist observes that some people are exposed to a traumatic childhood experience develop anxiety disorders later in life, while others do not. This illustrates ___, which is one of the reasons human behaviour is challenging subject matter.

Variability

When Nancy is with her friends, she is very talkative and outgoing, but when she meets new people, she is often shy and quiet. Nancy's behaviour is a good example of how ___ makes people difficult to study.

Reactivity

A good ___ for aggression may be the number of times a child hits another child while they're at the playground.

Operational definition

You decide to use a person's height as a measure of intelligence. Does this method have reliability and validity?

It is reliable, but lacks validity

Researchers often use computers in their experiments to keep from influencing the participants and to keep themselves ___ regarding the conditions to which the participants have been assigned.

Blind

When naturalistic observation is NOT an option, which technique is best to use to avoid demand characteristics?

Using a double blind design

On the most recent exam in Ben's history class, the highest score earned was an 89, and the lowest score was a 62. What is the range on this test?

The number of different types of Olympic medals (gold, silver, or bronze) that a country wins is an example of a:

Variable

As the number of rainy days increases, so does the height of all of the tomato plants in Liz's garden. There appears to be a(n) ___ correlation between number of rainy days and tomato plant height.

Positive

One way to counteract a possible third variable problem is to use:

Experimentation

For a study to be an experiment, you must ____ one of the variables of interest and include at least ___ group(s) of participants.

Manipulate; two

Morty thinks his dog is losing his hair because of a new brand of food. Morty gradually reduces the amount of food from the new brand and increases the amount from the old brand until his dog is only eating the old brand of food. The adjustment of the type and amount of food is an example of:

Manipulation

According to research on what people believe is the likelihood of coincidences:

People routinely underestimate the likelihood of coincidence happening by chance

An experiment with internal validity must effectively:

Show a causal relationship between manipulation of independent variable(s)and observed changes in the dependent variable(s)

A type I error can be referred to as

False positive

A ___ is an experiment that uses the same procedures as a previous experiment but with a new sample from the same population.

Replication

What is the ideal replication rate of experiments in psychology?

There is no ideal replication rate

Replication reminds us that the best experimental evidence allows us to conclude that two variables are:

Likely to be causally related

Making sure we look at new information while honouring our own biases violates good practice in:

Critical thinking

One aspect of thinking critically about new information is to make sure it provides the _____ truth, not just _____ of the truth

whole; part

The ethical principle of ___ has been violated if a researcher decides to place participants he finds more attractive into the experimental condition he believes has the greatest benefit.

Justice

The basic tenets of the ___ have become increasingly enshrine in Canada's national legislation and regluations.

The Declaration of Helsinki

The ethical rule of ___ means that research participants are given enough information about a study to make a reasonable decision about whether they will participate.

Informed consent

According to the Canadian Psychological Association, when is it acceptable for a psychological researcher to coerce participants?

Never

Who monitors what psychologists do with the data they've collected and checks to see if the claims they make are true?

No one