CLOA Realiability of memory
5 important questions on CLOA Realiability of memory
Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Eyewitness memory of a car accident
Memory could be altered by leading questions, because participants who were asked to make speed estimates using stronger verbs not only estimated a higher speed at the time of the car crash but also remembered broken glass.
- Participants have only one memory, so leading questions distort the reconstruction of the memory = What makes memory UNRELIABLE
- Lack of ecological validity (Yuille and Cutshall, 1986) - field research is required to evaluate generalizability
Loftus investigated false memories. False memories are:
What research method did Yuille and Cutshall use in their 1986 study challenging Loftus' findings on the reliability of eyewitness memory?
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Loftus' 1997 experiment on being lost in a shopping mall suggested that false memories can be implanted through ___________ and __________.
Why is memory recall thought to be a reconstructive process?
Memory encoding is believed to be a constructive cognitive process in which memories are 'built' from cognitive components; therefore, memory recall is believed to require reconstruction of those components.
Explanation:
The actual encoding process is not yet well understood, but if memory encoding is constructive it logically follows that memory recall is reconstructive. The reconstructive nature of memory has been well-documented by Elizabeth Loftus, among others.
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