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• lecture 3 pregnancy and parturition

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• What is the function of PGF2a after parturition?

  Expulsion of lochia and reduction of uterine size by myometrial contractions

• What is meant with uterine involution? 

  
  Restoration of the uterus to its normal non pregnant size and function after parturition

• How is lactational anoestrus caused?

  Low GnRH/LH release from the milk production and negative energy balance in lactation

• What are the 4 stages of puerperium?

  
  
  1
  Myometrial contractions and expulsion of lochia
  2
  Endometrial repair
  3
  Resumption of ovarian function
  4
  Elimination of bacterial contamination of the reproductive tract

• What hormones play a role in the expulsion of the foetus?

  Oxytocin and PGF2a

• What hormones play a role in cervical dilation and relaxation of the pelvic ligaments?

  Relaxin, oestrogens and PGF2a

•  What are the 3 phases of parturition?

  
  1
  Cervical dilation and relaxation of the birth canal
  2
  Expulsion of the foetus
  3
  Expulsion of the foetal membranes

• Swelling of mammary tissue, restless and milk production are an example of:

  Symptoms before parturition

• Besides progesterone and oestrogen, 2 other hormones play a role in the parturition process. What are those hormones and what do they do?

  relaxin: 

  • Not in the cow
  • produced by the placenta and by the CL
  • causes softening of the connective tissue in the cervix
  • promotes elasticity of the pelvic ligaments

  
  maternal oxytocin:
  

  • Produced by the pituitary
  • Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscles in the myometrium

• What is the function of PGF-2a?

  Inducing regression of the corpus luteum and thus a decline in progesterone.