Teratogenic mechanisms of medical drugs
17 important questions on Teratogenic mechanisms of medical drugs
What is the normal cascade of folate?
1) folate can be converted by 2 reduction reactions with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) to the naturally bioactive form; tetrahydrofolate (THF).
2) THF can be converted into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). This is the main form that is circulating in the blood and can be transported into the tissues.
Via which three ways can 5-MTHF be transported into the tissues?
2) by a carrier mediated system the reduced folate carrier
3) passive diffusion.
What is the function of 5-MTHF inside the cell?
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Why is folate so important during pregnancy?
What is the first group of folate antagonists?
What is the second group of folate antagonists?
What kind of polymorphisms are associated with the folate metabolism?
2) methionine synthase reductase (MTRR)
3) methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHDFI)
Polymorphisms in these things may lead to differences in the susceptibility of individuals to folate antagonists.
What is the result of folate deficiencies during pregnancy?
What kind of role does vitamin B12 play?
In what way is Bosentan teratogenic?
What is the most important signalling molecule in neural crest cell development?
How is retinoic acid involved in neural crest cell development?
The teratogenicity of retinoids can be due to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). These receptors are transcription factors themselves and affect other genes that are necessary in the development.
Drugs like retinoids that are used for dermatological conditions may alter the retinoid homeostasis.
What are alternative ways by which Endocrine disrupting chemicals can cause male reproductive disorders?
- inhibition of enzyms involved in the inactivation of sex steroids.
- disruption of the androgen signalling pathway
Which drugs are known to induces oxidative stress?
What are vascular disruption defects?
vascular disruption refers to disturbances in the blood circulation in the uterine-placental unit, the placental-fetal unit or the fetus itself.
What are examples of drugs that can cause vascular disruption?
In what way can statins be teratogenic?
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