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• Weblecture 1

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• What is the goal of the empirical cycle?

  The generation and verification of theories

• Exam questions

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• 1. A researcher discovers that Belgian people are slightly heavier than Dutch people on average. He suspects that this is because Belgians eat more chocolate. He draws a sample from the Dutch and Belgian population, and measures the weight and chocolate consumption from the people in his sample. In which phase of the empirical cycle is his research?A. ObservationB. InductionC. DeductionD. Testing

  D. Testing

• 2. A researcher visits a foreign country to study the local agriculture. After having seen three farms that cultivate rice, she says to herself: 'This must be a rice cultivating country'. Her reasoning is best described as: A. ObservationB. InductionC. Deduction   D. Testing

  B. Induction

• 3. Two statements1. Research that assesses the crime rate in the country can be called descriptive research. 2. Research to compare Gross National Products in democratic and in non-democratic countries can be called explanatory research. A. Only statement 1 is correctB. Only statement 2 is correctC. Both statements are correctD. Both statements are correct

  A. Only statement 1 is correct

• 4. Two statements1. A research project to study the causes of low return rates of used batteries in the Netherlands can be part of the design phase of the regenerative cycle. 2. A research project to test a hypothesized cause of low return rates of used batteries in the Netherland can be part of the induction phase of the empirical cycle.    A. Only statement 1 is correctB. Only statement 2 is correctC. Both statements are correctD. Both statements are incorrect

  D. Both incorrect

• 5. A researcher formulated the following objective for her applied research: to help improve the environmental situation in Accra (Ghana) by persuading the inhabitants to compost their kitchen waste. In this research objectiveA. The objective in relation to the problem is stated correctlyB. The objective in relation to the research is stated correctlyC. A and B are both correctD. A and B are both not correct

  A. The objective in relation to the problem is stated correctly

• 8. A researcher whats to validate her questionnaire assessing attitude towards brands. Fortunately, she also has access to a list of products that each of the 200 customers has bought over the last ten years. Based on the assumption that customers who have a positive attitude towards a brand will buy more of the brand's products, the researcher compares the list of products that the customers bought to their responses on the questionnaire. Which type of validity is this test? A. Content validityB. Criterion validityC. Construct validityD. None of the above

  C. Construct validity

• 9. RQ: Which factors impact the economic position of small farmers in Ghana?In this Research Question, the concept 'economic position' is measured on: A. Nominal measurement levelB. Ordinal measurement levelC. Ration measurement levelD. Undecided measurement level

  D. Undecided measurement level

• 10. Hypothesis: Lowering the prices of organic products will lead to an increase in their salesWhat kind of hypothesis is this?A. Non-relationalB. CorrelationalC. DevelopmentD. Causal

  D. Causal

• 11. An ice cream company wants to increase sales by showing a TV commercial. To investigate whether it has the desired effect, the company compares the sales in February (right before the commercial is aired) with those of half a year later. The results show that the sales have gone up. This research primarily suffers from poor:A. ReliabilityB. Content validityC. Internal validityD. External validity

  C. Internal validity