Read the summary and the most important questions on Research Methodology

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• Evidence-based practice (EBP)

  A service delivery system that is based upon research evidence.

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• Considerations in selecting a research problem

  Interest, magnitude, measurement of concepts, level of expertise, relevance, available data, ethical issues

• Steps in formulating a research problem

  1. Identify a broad field
  2. Dissect the broad area into subareas
  3. Select what is most of interest
  4. Raise a research question
  5. Formulate objectives
  6. Asses your objectives
  7. Double check

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• Conducting a literature review

  1. Search for the existing literature
  2. Review the selected literature
  3. Develop a theoretical framework: broad, general  
  4. Develop a conceptual framework: focusses on one of the problems found during the theoretical framework.

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• Face and content validity

  Face validity; when you justify the inclusion of a question or item in a research instrument by linking it with the objectives of the study, this providing a justificarion for its inclusion in the instrument
  
  content validity; examining the questions of a research instrument to establish the extent of covarage of areas under studying.

• Concurrent and predictive validity

  Concurrent validity; when you investigate how good a research instrument is by comparing it with credible findings
  
  predictive validity; judged by the degree to which an instrument can correctly forecast an outcome -> the higher the correctness the more valid the instrument is.

• Factors affecting reliability of a research instrument

  Wording of questions, the physical setting, the respondents mood, the interviewers mood, nature of the interaction, regression effect

• Methods of determining reliability

  - external consistency; compares findings from two independent processes of data collection with eachother as a means of verifying the reliability of the measure. 
  - internal consistency; intruments that measure the same phenomenon, if they are reliable indicators, should produce similar results irrespective of their measure attitude towards a problem.

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• Maximincon principle of variance

  Ensuring that the independent variable has the maximum oppportunitu to have its full impact on the dependent variable, while the effects that are attributed to extraneous and chance variables are minimised.

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• Errors in testing hypothesis

  Type 1 error: if you reject a null hypothesis when its true and you should not have rejected it
  Type 2 error: if your reject a null hypothesis whens its false and you should not have rejected it