Heart - Ischemic heart disease
13 important questions on Heart - Ischemic heart disease
What are ischemic heart diseases (IHD)
In most cacses, IHD is a consequence of artherosclerosis. What are factors that may result in cardiac ischemia?
- Increased demand (increased HR or hypertension)
- diminished blood volume
- diminished oxygenation
- diminished oxygen-carrying capacity
IHD is a direct consequence of insufficient blood supply to the heart and may include the following clinical presentation of cardiac syndromes:
- Angina pectoris
- myocardial infarction
- Chronic IHD with CFH (chronic heart failure)
- Sudden cardiac death (SCD)
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Describe the term acute coronary syndrome
In a lot of cases of MI, patients are not stenotic or symptomatic. Explain this
What is the most frequent cause of MI?
What is typical for Transmural infarctions
What factors contribute to reperfusion injury
- Mitochondrial dysfunction. release of mitochondrial contents promotes apoptosis
- Myocyte hypercontracture. Ischemia raises the calcium level which causes uncontrolled contraction of myofibrils after reperfusion
- Free radicals. Produced within minutes of reperfusion
- Platelet and complement activation
- Leukocyte aggregation
What is a clinical feature of MI?
What are Electrocardiographic abnormalities in MI
Besides electrocardiographic changes, there is another way that MI is diagnosed. What measurment is this?
On what measurement is the laboratory evaluation of MI is based on?
Name the complications that patiens may experience after acute MI
- Contractile dysfunction. MIs affect left ventricular pump function in proportion to the volume of damage
- Papillary muscle dysfunction.
- Right ventricular infarction
- Myocardial rupture.
- Arrhythmias
- Pericarditis
- Chamber dilation
- Mural thrombus
- Ventricular aneurysm
- Progressive heart failure
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