Read the summary and the most important questions on Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Husserl and the Cartesian Meditations | 9780415287586 | A. D. Smith; Arthur David Smith

• 0 Inleiding

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• What kind of enterprise is phenomenology according to Husserl

  A communal enterprise. It would proceed by a critical interchange of views.

• What does Husserl mean with the statement that transcendental phenomenology is the secret longing of all genuine earlier philosophy?

  It is the final breakthrough to a realization of the idea that governed philosophy since the Greeks.

• What does Husserl mean with idea?

  It is a regulative idea(cfr Kant): one that points us forward in an enterprise that can have no final, finite completion, though we have a definite recognition of progress; an ideal.

• Why is true philosophizing(the transcendental phenomenological perspective) an unnatural activity?

  Normally we are concerned with objects in the world, determining their properties and their reality. In this mode of living we are 'given over' or dedicated' to the world. All our concerns are 'objectively' directed. We need a switch of interest, away from the world, and towards our own conscious life in which such a world presents itself to is.

• What does Husserl mean with 'primal establishment' or 'primal institution' of philosophy?

  An idea that is the ideal conception of genuine science as universal knowledge. Universal in two senses: reality as totality and science should be grounded in and developed through absolute insight and hence absolutely justified

• Relation of primal establishment/institution' and philosophy?

  Philosophy should be a secure method leading to absolute succes in each of its step towards the 'final establishment'. Transcendental philosophy does this job.

• Role of philosophy in the sciences?

  Only with the systematic unity of philosophy can various sciences develop into genuine sciences. The idea of a systematic enquiry into universally valid truth comes first; any 'positive' science is but a regional application of this philosophical perspective to a particular domain of reality.

• The apodictic idea of Descartes?

  THe existence of a conscious subject for himself.

• 1 First Meditation

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• Why is Husserl mad at Descartes?

  Descartes tries to prove the existence of an external world on the basis of inner experience, which is nonsens. He discovered a transcendental perspective in his first two meditations, but abandoned it.

• What deas Husserl mean with Urdoxa?

  That certainty which is the primary and primal 'position' of our cognitive lives, which can only be modified, or 'modalized'(which are local), and that only one way - by some disharmony or conflict entering our experience