Read the summary and the most important questions on safe city lecture series

• 1 Introduction to the course

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• Why is crime an issue?

  Crime is a societal problem cause: Its quite common.
  its quite common. Most commonly known are probably;
  

  • crime against persons
  • crime against property.

• How do we mearure (violent) crime (according to currie)

  1. Crimes reported to police agencies
     
  2. interview surveys of the  victims of crime
  3. self report surveys, asking if participants at some point did break the law/commited a crime
  4. health and mortality statistics (violent crimes only)
     

• 2 criminology An Introduction to crime and safety

• 2.1 notes

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• What is a safe city?

  A city that is ''free'' of of both crime (objective security) and fear of crime (subjective security).

• 4 lecture 12

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• What are the limitations of Leicester Model?

  Selling the idea of multiculturalism without any result.
   lot of tolerance but not much interaction -> separated neighbourhoods.

• 6 (Fear Of) Crime rise, drop, and change

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• With what did Cohen & Felson come up with?

  Routine activity approach to show how opportunity for crime is structured.

• What is the sociological paradox?

  In the 60's there was prosperity and normally crime was associated with poverty. 
  The paradox is:
  

  • increasing incomes
  • disparities decreases
  • poverty declined
  • unemployment decreased 
  • education increased

  Still there was a rise in crime

• How can we apply the routine activity theory ?

  Asking what are the changing routine activities of every day life in the 60s?
  
  minimum ingredients:
  

  1. motivational offender
  1. someone inclined, willing, and able to commit the crime
  2. A suitable victim or target
  1. a person or thing that allows the offender to fulfil criminal objectives
  3. A lack of capable guardianship
  1. an absence of any persons or things that can discourage or prevent the crime

  opportunity rise therefore crime is likely to rise  
  
  
  However, this is a wrong worldview because a motivational offender is seen as a given.

• What do we now as criminological maxim?

  That fear of crime climbs when crime rates climb, but fails to fall when crime falls.

• 8 Urban Communities and fear of crime - informal social control and incivilities

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• 8.1 notes

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• How can social disorganisation and fear of crime be connected?

  1. Fear of crime as rooted in objective crime, or
  2. Fear of crime as rooted in the unfamiliar and predictable other.
  1. direct result of the indicators (previous page pp/)
  2. social control to (see.....)

• What is the contribution of Social Disorganisation Theory?

  • Shift focus of individual risk factors, to structural factors at the neighbourhood level.
    
  • people moving in and out of a neighbourhood but did not take their crime with them so> had to do something about the structure within the neighbourhood
  • rather than theorizing crime personal characteristics, we can understand......(see pp.)