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A snapshot of the summary - Science, Business and Policy
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2 Technology
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2.2.2 The power of technology
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Why is there a debate about technology?People are afraid that technologies control us, on a personal, cultural or economical way
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What are the 4 relationships between humans and technology?
- Technology to exploit the world directly (glasses)
- Technology to exploit the world indirectly (x-ray image, more knowledge needed)
- Technology as part of the environment (CD player)
- Technology in the background (traffic light)
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2.3 Embeddedness of technology
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What are the three levels of technological innovation?
- Niche level (development of concepts; idea for practical use)
- Socio-technological system (system needed to bring the concept on the market)
- Macro-level (cultural and physical characteristics of society)
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Why are most innovations incremental (gradual)?Systems are stabilized through numerous kinds of factors
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What is an incremental innovation?
- Feature improvement
- Cost reduction
Of products within existing business models and current markets -
When is a radical innovation possible?When the innovation complement political, cultural and economic changes, resulting in new regime conventions and the involvement of these actors
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2.3.2 Stages of innovation
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What are the 5 stages of innovation development?
- Scientific research
- Technological research
- Product development
- Market introduction
- Societal diffusion
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What happens in the technological research stage regarding innovation?Scientists explore different technological variants
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What happens in the product development stage of an innovation?The concept will be connected to
- Marketing
- General strategies
- Organisation issues
- Demands of retailers, suppliers and end users
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Why will an innovation gradually lose its flexibility?An innovation gets connected to
- Rules
- Societal parties
- Branding
- Infrastructures (spoor)
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The following topics are covered in this summary
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model, market, society
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innovation, conservatism, influence
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analysis, business, science
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analysis, factors, production
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market, phase, customer
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efficiency, profit, plc
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customers, tal, market
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industry, costs, high
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private, economic, societal
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levels, considerations, innovation
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competences, company, knowledge
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technology, offerbenefits, benefitseffect
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business, phase, source
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venture, valuation, potential
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costs, prices, fixed
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assets, short-term, converted
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cash, window, product
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capital, company, cash
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future, investment, value
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products, market, knowledge
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degree, novelty, innovation
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innovation, technology, market