Individual differences and mechanisms
7 important questions on Individual differences and mechanisms
When you have behavior X, which two questions are asked by differential and experimental researchers?
- How does X work? (experimental)
- why do people differ on X? (differential)
By answering the two different questions on behavior x, what do we try to gain out of it?
- A mechanism, how it works (How does X work?)
- note how people individually differ on X (Why do people differ on X?)
Why is it important to keep intra individual (experimental) and inter individual (differential) methods and research separated?
- Intra individual models aren't informative about inter individual differences.
- intra individual methods can't be used to do inter individual research
- inter individual results can't be generalized to the intra individual level.
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Why are tests used for intra individual research not suitable to use in inter individual research?
- Because when doing intra individual research we often use not so reliable methods, but it doesn't matter because we look at means of groups, this way the noise is canceled out.
- but using those methods in inter individual research we look at individual scores, and then the reliability of a test matters a lot. Especially when were making decisions based on the results (psychodiagnostics)
Why can't you say anything about mechanisms of traits (intra individual) based on heritability?
- Because heritability is a statistic of intra individual differences, example: having lungs has a H2 of 0, but developing lungs is purely relying on genes.
What is a latent variable?
What is simpson's paradox?
- When the relation between two variables are different on a between individual level, than on a within individual level.
- or when the relation between two variables are different on a population level, than on a subgroup level.
- or when you find an effect on one level of the independent variable, but not on another, or in total
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