Read the summary and the most important questions on Security (Pre-Master 2021-2022)

• 1 Computer Security

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• Give an example of safety and one of security.

  Safety: Tsunami, fire, traffic, power outage...
  Security: Terrorism, fraud, theft, abuse, war...

• Who conduct attacks against computer systems?

  It goes from script kiddies to nation states.
  
  Script kiddie is a person who uses  existing computer scripts or codes to hack into computers. They don't have enough knowledge to write their own.

• What are the intentions to conduct an attack against a computer system?

  It can be done for fun (to show off) or for malicious intents (in a stealthy way).

• 2 Authentication

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• Name the four types of authentication factors and give an example for each of them.

  1. Something you are: Biometrics, captcha's.
     
  2. Something you know: Passwords, PINs.
  3. Something you have: Bank card, laptop, Google authenticator code.
  4. Your context: Distance from car, access to e-mail, geotracking (aka your current location.

• What is the term for enforcing multiple authentication factors?

  Two-factor or multi-factor authentication.

• Are security questions a form of strong authentication?

  No, they are weak.
  Questions like your mother's middle name, your birth location... are easy to guess/find and are privacy invasive.

• Name an advantage and a disadvantage for the usage of biometrics.

  - Advantage: User-friendly.
  - Disadvantage: Technically challenging and it is only useful in multi-factor authentication (so not really on its own).

• What is a PIN (personal identification number)?

  A (usually short) string of numeric characters.

• What two types of guessing (i.e. for passwords) are there?

  - Online guessing: an attacker tries a large number of username/password combinations against the login portal to guess the correct password.
  - Offline guessing: an attacker can get a hash of your password that they can take offline and try to crack it.

• What is end-to-end encryption (E2EE)?

  The encryption of messages so only the sender and the receiver can read the messages. This prevents eavesdroppers.