Industrialisation entailed a greater geographical mobility and made people participate in social systems of a much larger scale than they had known earlier

a nationalist ideology is an ethnic ideology which demands the right to its own state on behalf of the ethnic group → in practice, the distinction is less clear-cut:

1. Segregation: Minority group becomes physically separated from the majority
2. Assimilation: the process of becoming a part, or making someone become a part, of a group, country, society, etc.
3. Integration: People are integrated into the system of society