Read the summary and the most important questions on social processes and organizational changes

• Ashleigh & Mansi (2012), ch. 9; Fulmer & Gelfand (2012); Hollenbeck et al. (2012); Lehmann-Willenbrock, Grohmann, & Kauffeld (2013)

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• Define teams or work groups

  • common goal
  • collaborate one or more tasks
  • produce result with shared responsibility
  • independent
  • organizational identity
  • clear boundaries 

• Working in a group satisfied some human needs, which ones? And what will increase if all of these are present?

  basic human needs, security, social and mutual interests, and self-esteem.
  increasing motivation for the company leads to an more effective company

• Why do Teams out perform individuals?

   - Teams are more flexible and responsive to changes in the external and internal environments. 

  -Teams tend to facilitate employee involvement and are effective in democratizing an organization and increasing motivation.

• Call the differences between a group en team

  First of all, all teams are groups, but not every group is a team. 

         Group:

  -no selection criteria

  -no limit size

  -no role delegation. 

  -no coordination towards a goal

          Teams:
  

  -interdependency of memebers, everybody rely on each other. 

  -shared goal

  -Synergy

  - between the 5 -9 persons

• What kind of groups and teams to we have?

  -Self managed work team

  -Cross-cultural team

  -Research and development teams:

  -problem-solving team

  -Cross-functional team

  -Task force of command groups

  -Virtual teams

  -Friendship team

  -Communities of practice

• What is The Social Identitiy Theory? SIT

  The part of our self-concept defined by the social groups we belong to.
  twoway to describe the social identity:
  -defines + evaluates a person for themselves ( self concept) and others
  -prescribes socially appropriate behavior.
  
  Also, People feel more identified with their ingroup then outgroup. This help group perform effectively. The underlying process of SIT is social comparison. 

• What is the Socialisation theory

  The process through which group norms are adopted or rejected, is known as group socialization. when a new member joins a group, the group’s norms are passed on in a process known as socialization. The group’s beliefs, values, objects and events are constructed by existing group members and passed on to new ones

  Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning. 

• Name the Five-Phase model of group development

  1. Forming: first team members meet for firt time, everybody is insecure
     
  2. Storming: role and task ambiguity, who will fullfill what role and task?
  3. Norming: rules are negotiated and roles are defined
  4. Performing: top performing
  5. Adjourning: additional phase in temporary teams which dissolves afterwards. ( some stay, other go)

• What is socialisation facilitation?

  Presence of other persons can be beneficial or detrimental to
  individual performance, depending on the difficulty of the specific
  task  
  Three different theories explain improved performance:
  
  > Mere presence theory (R. Zajonc)
  > Evaluation apprehension theory
  > Distraction-conflict theory

• What is social loafing, what kind of social loafing do we have? when does this most occur? What is the explanation of it?

  tending to exert less effort in a team task then possible according to the individual skills
  It occures when
  as long as it cannot be measured, observed, attribute to the individual. 
  Explanation:
  > Collective effort model
  > Sucker effect