Occupational stress theories
12 important questions on Occupational stress theories
What is the vitamine model (warr, 1987)
job characteristics exert 2 different effects:
1, contant effect (CE)
2, Additional decrement (AD) " Hypervitaminosis"
What are the 9 categories of charastics?
additional decrement
- job autonomy
- job demands
- social support or
- skill utilization
- variety
- environmental clarity
constant effect:
- salary
- safety/security
- social status/position
Explain Research on the vitamin model
• mainly cross-sectional research
• generally limited to job demands, autonomy, and
social support
• results mixed & inconclusive
Main contribution of the model:
• focus on curvilinearity (‘’not the more, the better’’)
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What is the Job Demand-Control model?
• workpace
• amount of work
• conflicting demands
- Job control (regelmogelijkheden)
decision authority
• Determine pace, method, order
• Have a say
skill discretion
• Use and develop one’s skills • Task variety
What are demands and resources in job demands- resources model?
those physical, social or organizational aspects of the job that require sustained physical and/or psychological (i.e. cognitive or emotional) effort on the part of the employee
Resources:
those physical, psychological, social or organizational aspects of the job that
- reduce job demands and the associated physiological and psychological costs,
- are functional in achieving work goals, or
- stimulate personal growth, learning, and development
In which levels are resources active?
(b) The organization of work (e.g. role clarity, participation
in decision-making),
(c) Interpersonal and social relations (e.g. supervisor and
coworker support), and
(d) Organization (e.g. salary, career opportunities)
What are the two processes in the job demands resources model?
Motivational process: Job resources lead to engagement and positive outcomes
What is the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model?
• Effort: job demands and/or obligations that are imposed on the employee
• Reward: money, esteem, and job security/career opportunities
• principle of social exchange (reciprocity)
this needs to be in balance
What are the three riks of imbalance in the ERI model?
imbalance between extrinsic effort and reward increases the risk of poor health
2. Intrinsic overcommitment hypothesis:
high level of overcommitment increases the risk of poor health
3. Interaction hypothesis:
an extrinsic ERI in combination with high overcommitment leads to the highest risk of poor health
What are conclusions in research of Psychosocial work environment and mental health
Conclusion:
Common mental disorders are predicted by:
job strain, low decision latitude, low social support, high psychological demands, effort-reward imbalance, and high job insecurity
Strongest effects for job strain and effort-reward imbalance
What are the two dimensions of person-environment fit model?
values/ goals/ needs of the employee
environmental or job demands
abilities - skills of the employee
What is are the multi-dimensional construct in person-environment fit model?
Person - Organisation Fit
Person - Group Fit
Person - Supervisor Fit
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