Read the summary and the most important questions on Substantive law of the European Union

• 1 Lecture 1; internal market, freedom of movement goods I; tarrif barriers

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• Characteristics of a customs union

  1. Prohibition of custom duties and quarantative restrictions in trade between MS 
     
  2. adaption of common customs tariff (CCT) 
  3. common commercial policy towards third countries (207 TFEU 

• Restrictions to fundamental freedoms

  1. Protectionism 
     
  1. Commission v. Greece 
  2. Disparities in the national laws an rules of MS 
  1. adopted standards differ between MS 
  2. can lead to problems in trade 

• Solutions to disparities in law; positive and negative integration

  1. Postitive integration 
     
  1. Harmonisation 
  1. directives and regulations require to align national laws with EU-standards 
  2. negative integration 
  1. provisions 
  1. SM are precluded to take measures restricting free movement 

• Tariff barriers relevant provisions

  Harmonisation?-> look at the relevant directive/regulation.  
  
  No harmonisation? -> article 30 and 110 TFEU 
  

  • 30 TFEU: customs duties + CEE's 
  • custom duties for MS are not allowed
  • Charges having equivalent effect (CEE) 
  • Carbonati 
  • 110 TFEU: fiscal discrimination + protectionism 
  • Commission v. Greece    

• Charge having equivalent effect (read, not learn)

  Carbonati!! 
  

  • pecuniary charge
  • financial burden and taxation 
  • imposted unilaterally by the state
  • by reason of the fact that goods cross a frontier
  • which is not a customs duty 

• Restrictions of scope 30 TFEU

  1. Payment for services rendered (Commission v. Belgium) 
     
  2. Charges for inspection required by EU law (Bauhuis) 
  1. must be financed 
  3. charges falling under ta system of internal (national) taxation 
  1. 110 TFEU 

• 110(1) TFEU (fiscal discrimination) conditions

  1. Similar products 
     
  1. similar composition and similar characteristics 
  1. if not similar -> §2 
  2. same characteristics and satisfy the same needs from the perspective of customers
  2. Tax burden must be the same for imported and domestic goods. 

• 2 Lecture 2; free movement of goods II; non-tarrif barriers

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• Quantitative restrictions; definition; justification

  Geddo/ 34 (import) 35 (export) TFEU 
  ''measures which amount to a total or partial restraint of, according to the circumstances, imports, exports or goods in transit.''
  
  Justification: 36 TFEU

• Åklagaren v. Percy Mickelsson

  Completely banning a product = MEQR
  directly discriminatory: product and selling requirement 
  indirectly discriminatory: only product requirement

• 3 Lecture 3; free movement of persons

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• Two categories of rights for economically active persons

  1. Migration rights 
     
  1. move to another MS 
  2. market access rights 
  1. right to equal treatment 
  2. all restrictions to access the market of the MS are prohibited