Read the summary and the most important questions on Sustainable business development

• Sustainability

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• Why an engineer can contribute?

  Each step in design, production, use and disposal of a product can result in:
  
  §Resource depletion
  §Ecologicaldamage
  §Impact human health
  §(indirect unfair allocation)

• Environmental impact

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• What is the difference between Political, economic and technical solutions?

  Political: NGO’s are challenging  the gouvernmentto take action againstenvironmentaldamagingsituationsbyintroducingregulations.
  Economic: Payforemitting more CO2 thanaccepted/ payforyouowngarbagedisposal/ supply chain cooperation Fair tradesolutions

• What are the limits to growth?

  Limits
  -  materialsand energy we take out from Earth àseeTNS (principle 1 and 3)
  
  -The capacity of the Earth to absorb pollution (ook principle 2)
  -Speed ​​with which processes can recover

• Where depends the limits of materials and energy of?

  
  Speed ​​with which the resource depletes depends of : 
  - Populationgrowth
  - Economicgrowth - Relative robustness of the source
  
  Robuustheid – regenereerbaarheid
  Resource depletion is the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished. Resources are commonly divided between renewable resources and non-renewable resources. (See also Mineral resource classification.) Use of either of these forms of resources beyond their rate of replacement is considered to be resource depletion.
  Resource depletion is most commonly used in reference to farming, fishing, mining, water, and fossil fuels.[1]

• What is the recoverability of resources?

  
  Technicallyrecoverable
  - resource is recoverable using current exploration and production technology without regard to cost
  
  Economicallyrecoverable
  -Resource is technicallyrecoverableandprovideseconomicprofit
  
  
  The proven and recoverable resources change constantly!

• Where depends on the availability of resources?

  
  - Discovery of new renewable sources
  - Development of new techniques
  - Social acceptability of risks and consequences
  - New scientific knowledge provides more insight into the risks and consequences

• What is the amount of resources?

  
  Resource base
  - Is defined as the total metered amount present in the crust.
  
  
  Resources
  - Are those quantities of crude materials that are economically recoverable .
  
  Reserves
  - Are the amount of sources, which are shown at this time.

• Where is energy needed for material extraction?

  
  Energy needed for:
  - win of ore and win of metals from ore
  
  
  
  Energy is scarce &
  - Extraction of materials is limited
  
  
  Inventories are very dependent of the cost associated with the extraction of minerals from the earth

• What is the environmental impact of human activities?

  
  I=P×A×T
  
  
  This formula is used to illustrate the influence of human activity on the environment. (PR Ehrlich, JP Holdren, Impact of population growth, Science, 1971)
  
  
  
  
  I = impact on environment
  P = Population (amount of people)
  A = Affluence (averageconsumption per person)
  T = Technology (environmental impact technology)

• What is the environmental impact of technology 

  
  I=P×A×T
  
  
  - The environmental impact during the production, transport and disposal of goods, services and facilities.
  
  
  Environmental impact is the impact on
  - Depletion resources
  - Human health
  - Eco-system