Word and Sentence Meaning
15 important questions on Word and Sentence Meaning
Semantic features and decomposition
Problems with semantic features
- Vagueness
- Of features (ostriches can fly a little bit)
- Of categories: is a bat not rather like a bird
Problems with semantic network
A sparrow is a bird is verified faster than An ostrich is a bird
A bat is an animal is verified faster than A bat is a mammal
Representation of abstract concepts
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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Types or utterances: Representative
Types or utterances: Directive
Types or utterances: Commissive
Types or utterances: Expressive
Types or utterances: Declarative
Sense of reference of assertions
Propositions vs. Embodied representation
- Experiment 1: decide if the picture matches the sentence or not --> slower responses to pictures when they mismatched preceding sentences.
- Experiment 2: name the object in the picture --> slower naming responses to picture after a mismatching preceding sentence.
Understanding text (CI model)
Coherence graph (CI model)
Theories on inference: Minimalism
- Readers/listeners restrict themselves to information in the text
- Only inferences on the basis of locally present or easily available information are made
- Forward inferences are not automatically made
Theories on inference: Constructionism
- Readers/listeners try to develop a coherent representation of the text
- Inferences are made when information is missing that is necessary for coherence
- Forward inferences are made when they are very predictable or important to the goal of the reader
Syntactic information (pronomina)
- M / M : John beats Pete because he is in shape
- M / F : John beats Petra because he is in shape
The results indicate that gender information is used directly
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The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
