Read the summary and the most important questions on The Art and Craft of Policy Advising A Practical Guide | 9783319524948 | David Bromell

• 1 Introduction

• What is policy analysis

  Collect relevant data change this into information to support decision-making. 
  Public sector policy analysis is expected to be evidence-informed policy analysis, technically competent and politically neutral.

• What is policy advice

  Bridges the gap between analysis and decisions
  
  oSupports decision makers to select their preferred policy options

• What is policy advocacy

  Tries to persuade and advocate for recommended options.

• Alford policy model

  Policy making can be seen as a process with several stages, which are rational, object-oriented, and are applied to the solution of problems

• Howlett policy making model

  There are also descriptive models, for example, where the result should be "policy learning", because it is a cycle in which problems are trying to be solves in different ways

• 8 stages of Althaus Bridgman & Davis policy cycle:

  1. Identifying issues – recognising a problem
  2. Policy analysis – gathering information
  3. Policy instruments – identifying approaches and tools
  4. Consultation – discussions and interaction
  5. Co-ordination – ensuring funding can be made available
  6. Decision – confirmation of policy by government
  7. Implementation – legislation
  8. Evaluation – reviewing the effects

• Issues with the use of policy models

  -The model does not tell when a stage is completed and when the next stage begins.
  -You never know if you have defined a problem enough or have enough information.
  -It is therefore better to think not in stages, but ongoing processes passing through all stages

• What is effective policy?

  Not a cycle but more about:
    Relationships: for effective policy advice, it is important that relations are maintained with confidence with various audience.
  o Without trust of decision makers, you will have limited opportunities to present your advice to them
  
  
  Integrity: effective policy advice requires personal and professional integrity. You must be highly ethical.
  
  Communication: policy advisers advise policymakers but have little impact on the decision. They only have power of persuasion, meaning that they need to communicate clearly.

• 2 Who are my clients and what do they need from me

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• 4 points about customers and clients

  -The term client implies that there is a professional relationship with certain explicit or implicit expectations about behaviours, tasks and obligations.
  -If there are competing clients, a distinction should be made between primary and secondary clients.
  -If you are involved with other stakeholders, it is convenient to treat them like customers instead of clients, because they are not our primary clients.
  -Effective policy advisors consistently aim at service excellence and approach this from the customer’s perspective. 

• What is a stakeholder and stakeholder theory?

  Stakeholders: group or individuals that affects or is affected by the achievement of organizational goals
  
  
  Stakeholder theory suggests that the strategic management of an organization requires more than just focus on inputs and outputs
  - There are multiple stakeholders to consider. These relationships are complex and creates a complex network structure.
  
  Stakeholder management occurs over 2 levels:
  - How do we identify the stakeholders?
  - How do we prioritize the interests of stakeholders in relation to our own organization's objectives?