Theories of cleavage and polarization
8 important questions on Theories of cleavage and polarization
What are the 3 elements of which a cleavage must consist?
- subjective -> individuals have to be aware of it
- institutionalized -> in a movement/political party/union
What were the 4 original cleavage categories?
- religion-secular
- city-country
- worker-owner
What are reasons for the end of cleavages?
- secularization
- post-material values
- cognitive voting
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What is the new demarcation-integration cleavage about?
What is the difference between effective and ideological polarization?
- ideological -> how they are positioned on the left-right scale -> how far away they are from each other
What new cleavage do they propose against the older, more outdated ones?
What is the theory behind their new cleavage?
- it is about the in and out group
- you have more identities, but it is about which one is most salient
- it is about closeness to a certain identity
- it is measured on the meso-level
What can be said against their article?
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