Read the summary and the most important questions on Tudors 1536-1547

• 1 Tudors 1536-1547

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• When was the Act of Ten Articles? What did they say and what religious standing did they have?

  1536: The articles were not an attack on Catholicism, but they were a vague statement about belief that did not mention all seven sacraments (only Baptism, Penance and the Eucharist) and did not mention transubstantiation by name, allowing a Reformist or Conservative interpretation. All rituals were removed (Henry wanted to eradicate superstition).

• When was the Bishop's Book published? What was its religious standing? Who organised the writing of it?

  1537: The Bishop's Book was organised by Cromwell, who got a group of bishops together to write it. It leaned towards Protestantism, because the bishops were heavily influenced by Lutheran ideas. Salvation by faith was mentioned but not transubstantiation. Henry disapproved of the book, revoking it's usage three years later in 1540.

• When was the Act of Six Articles? What religious standing did they have?

  1539: The Act of Six Articles were intended not to be a statement of beliefs, but as a defence against heresy. They firmly emphasised Catholic ideas such as transubstantiation, auricular confession, and forbade the clergy to marry. This was more for foreign leaders, because Henry wanted to show that despite his break with Rome, Henry was essentially Catholic.

• Who was Thomas Lambert?

  A heretic burned for denying transubstantiation.

• What is auricular confession?

  When the priest listens to their parishioners' confessions.

• Why was Cranmer accused of heresy? Who accused him?

  Accused by the Conservative faction, who used his support of Elizabeth Barton (executed for having visions of the king's death) and Anne Askew (a heretic who denied transubstantiation), and he had a wife, which the clergy were not allowed to do. He was a threat to the faction's faith, and he was the next powerful reformer after Cromwell, who had already been executed.

• What happened in 1538?

  • Henry was excommunicated
  • John Lambert was tried and executed

• When was the King's Book published? What did it say?

  1543: This book was openly Conservative, reaffirming traditional beliefs such as transubstantiation, masses for the dead, and salvation through good works as well as the ten commandments and seven sacraments.

• When was the Act for the Advancement of the True Religion? What did it do?

  1543: Abolished erroneous books and restricted the reading of the English Bible to those of noble status. Reformers were examined, forced to recant, or imprisoned.

• When was English Litany introduced and the Chantries Act?

  1544 - English Litany
  1545 - Chantries Act