Read the summary and the most important questions on Twin Research in Psychology

• Lecture 1A: Historical perspective & Mendel

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• Which childhood psychopathology is the most heritable?

  ADHD

• Do genes en environment always play a rol in complex traits?

  Yes

• What is the liability-threshold model?

  A model that assumes that dichotomous disorders are due to underlying genetic liabilities that are normally distributed. The disorder appears only when a threshold of liability is exceeded.

• What did Carl linnaeus?

  He created a system that systematically categorize the different species he saw.

• What causes color blindness?

  Color blindness is caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome. Males only have one X chromosome, so if they have one allele for color blindness on their single X chromosome, they are color blind. For females the allele must be on both of their X chromosomes.

• Explain Mendel's First law: The law of segregation.

  A recessive element is expressed only if both elements are recessive. While a dominant element is expressed when one or two are present.

• What is the definition of Mendelian disorders?

  Disorders that follow the Mendelian inheritance patterns.

• What are qualitative traits?

  Traits that are influenced by a single gene. These traits follow a simple pattern of inheritance and the phenotypes have distinct categories (present/absent). Traits expression is unaffected by the environment.

• What is the Huntington's desease?

  An inherited brain disorder causing very fast worsening of the physical, cognitive and emotional self. The risk of HD in the offspring is 50% due to one dominant allele. 
  No cure and effective treatment. 
  
  Develops relatively old

• For which cases the 2nd Mendel's law applies?

  1. For genes on different chromosomes
     
  2. For genes that are far apart on the same chromosome.