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Innate immunity: The complement system

Q: Intercellular signals are transmitted in two ways

- volume transmission -> a molecule is released by a signaling cell and binds to the receptor of an receiving cell - Network transmission -> contact between two cells between linking their complementary receptors

Q: Receptor families cytokines

- most use receptors that act through tyrosine kinases - different families of these receptors that participate in different processes

Q: Transduction pathways cytokines

- Three signal transduction pathways NF-kB pathway = activated when antigens bind to the T and B cell antigen receptors -> NF-kB refers to a family of transcription factors that play a role in inflammation and immunity -> TNF receptors, damaging drugs or inflammatory cytokines van all trigger this pathway NF-AT JAK-STAT - Many transcription factors can activate or trigger cell differentiation -> important in T cells as they can transform very easily

4 important questions on Innate immunity: The complement system

Intercellular signals are transmitted in two ways

- volume transmission -> a molecule is released by a signaling cell and binds to the receptor of an receiving cell
- Network transmission -> contact between two cells between linking their complementary receptors

Receptor families cytokines

- most use receptors that act through tyrosine kinases
- different families of these receptors that participate in different processes

Signal transduction cytokines

- cytokine binds it receptor -> signal is transmitted to the cell
- signal transduction
   -> binding of an agonist to its receptor
   -> possibly clustering of receptor chains         -> activation of kinases by the receptors
-> secondary activation of second messengers
   -> generation of new transcription factors
   -> gene activation leading to altered protein synsthesis and cell behavior

- using enzyme cascades to transmit a signal is quick and efficient

Transduction pathways cytokines

- Three signal transduction pathways

NF-kB pathway = activated when antigens bind to the T and B cell antigen receptors -> NF-kB refers to a family of transcription factors that play a role in inflammation and immunity -> TNF receptors, damaging drugs or inflammatory cytokines van all trigger this pathway
NF-AT
JAK-STAT

- Many transcription factors can activate or trigger cell differentiation -> important in T cells as they can transform very easily