after the 25 years of upheavel, the rulling elite believed it proven that humans couldn't govern themselves through logic and constitutions and sought to restore the powers of stability by redividing europe to create a balance of power

politically speaking, no. the kings retained their power and while the king of prussia had promised a constitution, none materialized. there was an increase in nationalism among the people.

tsar nicholas was perhaps the most conservative of rulers and pushed through no reform in 30 years concerning serfdom and utilized nationalism as a tool to justify his rule