Read the summary and the most important questions on Wildlife conservation short

• 1 Chapter 1

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• Why do endangered species decline?

  Due to habitat loss, over exploitation, introduced species and pollution

• What is the sixth extinction?

  Due to indirect and direct human effects
  

  • Species are being lost much quicker than the origin of new species due to human activities  

• What is meant by aesthetic value?

  Humans derive pleasure from living organisms
  

  • growing ornamental plants, keeping pets, visiting zoos, ecotourism + viewing wildlife documentaries 

• How many species are threatened?

  - Fish -> 30%
  - Amphibians -> 21%
  - Reptiles -> 25%
  - Birds -> 12%
  - Mammals: 24%

• When is a species critically endangered?

  - 80% population size reduction over last 10 years or three gens
  - extent of occupancy <100 square kilometers
  - stable population size < 250 mature adults
  - probability of extinction >50% over 10 years or three gens

• What are stochastic factors

  - Human-related factors often reduce populations to sizes where species are susceptible to accidental (stochastic) effects
  - Naturally occuring fluctuations experiences by small populations
  - May have environmental, catastrophic, demographic or genetic orgigin

• What is demographic stochasticity?

  Random variation in birth and dead rates and sex-rations due to chance alone

• What is genetic stochasticity?

  Encompasses the deleterious impacts of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity and mutational accumulation on species

• What is the extinction vortex?

  A feedback between reduced population size, loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding

• 2 Chapter 2

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• What is allelic diverstity?

  Number of alleles averaged across loci
  

  • 33 alleles over 25 allozyme loci
  • A=33/26 = 1.27